Water turbine



A. HUGUENIN WATER `TURBINE June 17, 1924;

kFiled .fune 4. 1925 Patented June 17, 1924. i

ALBERT'HUGUENIN, or zult-IGH, sWrrzERnAND.

WATER TURBNE.

Aipplication filed .Tune 4,

To all whom t may comem:

Be it known that I, ALBERT HUGUENIN, a 4.iitiaen of the Republic of Switzerland, residing at Zurich, Switzerland, have i-nvented certain new and nsefful Improvements in Water Turbines, of whichthe following is a. specification, reference being had therein to the yacoompanying 'drawing The present invention relates to .improvements in water turbines `and particularly to rotor wheels 'for water .turbines ,adapted .to be flown through by the driving medium in-.two direotionsthat are opposite to ,each other.

'Ehe angles .of .entrance and of voutlet'fozf a rotor Wheel ,inuence :to a considerable degree the le'iciency Aoi`itairloines =as the-admission .of the driving medium Awithout shock and the discharge losses Ydepend on the sizeof these angles. With turbines .rotating only in one :direction it is a comparatively easy :matter for the designer to adapt these ang1es=:to the given .quantity of water and Aspeed---andyto obtain .thereby a good efficiency. .Theseucondfitio'ns are, however, changed when the turbinethas @to rotate in both directions as is for instance the case with turbines installed ini :tidallL waterpower-installations, in Vwhich 4the driving medium has to `How through theturbines in two directions that are opposite to each other. With rotor wheels` having fixed blades a comparatively high e'ficiency may beV obtained when `the Vroto-r wheel rotates` in one direction but at Ethe expense of 'the efficiency for the -rotaticrnV inthe other direction. If too 110W -an effi#- ciency has to be avoided `for thel rotation' in `one direction -a determined decrease 4of the eficiencyfor both directions ofrotation has to be admittedV with rotor wheelshavin fixed blades. l

- .n vorder to obtain a hi Vh efiicienc with water `turbines through w ich the riving' medium may flow in 4two directions ltlfiat4 are opposite to each other according tothe present invention the blades of the rotor wheel: are rotatably arran ed in the latter andare i-xedto the' boss ov the' rotorwheel in suliv a manner thatthe fixation maybe loosened and' rcfestablished upon the" adjustment o'f-f the blades into a` determined" 192e; serial No. 643,281;

angular position relatively to `.the axis oiV the runner Wheel.

Each blade .of the 4roten* wheel fis .praten ably provided with a :conica-l sewti iittin into a conical bore of the wheel boss,v the loosening of' the ixation thief blades may be obtained by a relative flimuveme-iil'iY radially to the axis of the rotor wheel fbe'-4 tween the conical seat and' aA .gfudgeoin not# ing as a bearing for `the respecftime Besides `the means :that :are for looseni i of :the :connection betweenv the' :blades: la

Fi 2 is a horizontal.l section :along liner 76 Fig. 3 vshows on a' larger Scale :aseetiothrough the mean-s for" lfixing'if-a blade thebossand 4 y I W1 Fi @is -a section simiiartowthatirshownl in F 1go. 3 :witlr'fthe fixin'gmeansgthe between blade 1 and' boss fbeingloeed.

In the drawings, l denotes1tliahlaides"-ofr the rotor Wheel. Each' of lthese bladesis* provided with a conical seat whieh into a conical-sbore`f15 of' thefbossf'iothe? rotor wheel. The conical :2021? 'f'th'ef blondesV consist of v"two parts'fand'l 3) rigidly screwed together, of `wfhoh is provided with 'internat threadl 16, oompei'ating with a thread -pnovi'ded on a gudgeon or pin 4 that semestres-fab journal to the'respective seat part-*2** further provided with a whelegandwi gear- Wheel 6 is rovided onieacli lLas well as a co lar/1 adaptedytopre'ifetl an axial displacementdi tii` udgeonu 'Eher gearwheels 5 .airain-meent# 1 Y 7 ooi'ntnion to them Whioh'- is' rigidly' 'fie on ahollqw shaft 8. @n t'helatterla geen wheel 9' is further rigidly' mounted: gear wheels' of the-gfudgeoi llico-o witha gear wheel 10 comninv-toja fitte gear wheels 6, the' ear wheel 10 being rigidly fixed to a shat 11 surrounded by the shaft 8. To the shaft 11 a gear wheel 12 is keyed. The shaft 11 is provided lwith a bore 13 extending in the axial directionand serving to supply a lubricant to the centre of the rotor wheel, from where the lubricant is led by means of channels to the single movable parts of' the rotor wheel. The shafts 8 and 11 project into a space 14 in which are arranged the means co-operating with the gear wheels 9 and 12. These means consist of a pinion 17 in mesh with the gear wheel 12,' bevel Wheels 18, 19 and hand Wheel 2O for operating the gear wheel 12 and of pinion 21, gear wheels 22, 23 and hand wheel 24 for operating the gear wheel 9.

Normally the various parts occupy the positions shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, in which the conical seat 2 of each blade 1 ofthe rotor wheel is strongly pressed against a conical surface in the boss 3, so that the blades 1 are held in a fixed position relatively to the axis of the rotor wheel. In case a turnf ing of the blades 1 has to be effected, first of all the shaft 11 -is turned by means of the ear wheel 12, the gear wheel 9 and the s aft 8 bein held in a fixed position so that a turning o the blades l cannot occur.

.f The turning of the shaft 11 causes a turning of the gudgeons 4 and by the action of :the screw thread 16 a movement of the seat 2 and thereby of the blades 1 in the radial-direction relativel to the "ertical axis of the rotor wheel is brought about,

the parts' 1 2 being moved into the position `shown in ilig. 4. Thereby the fixation of the blades 1 is loosened as the seats are so longer 4pressed against the boss 3. As soon as the fixation of the blades is loosened in theabove described manner the shaft 8 is rotated by means of the gear wheel 9 together with" the-same angular s eed as the shaft 11 and gear wheel 12 in or er to effect Y a turning of the loosened blades 1 about their longitudinal axes. As4 soon as the blades 1 are turned about their longitudinal axes through the required amount, the wheel 9 and the pinion 21 driving the latter are held in a fixed position, whereupon the shaft 11 is rotated in a direction opposite to that in whichV it had been previously rotated soV that' the blades 1 are moved in a radial directioninwards and the conical seats 2 are ressed a ainst thev conical surfaces in the oss 3, wiereby the blades 1 are fixed on being thus rigidl connected with the boss 3 of the rotor -w eel.

The above described arrangement permits to turn the blades 1 ofthe rotor wheel about their longitudinal axes through anyV desired angle and to fix the blades to the boss 3 ofJthe rotor wheel in any angular position relatively tothe axis of the latter. Preferably a loosening of the fixation is carried out when the rotor wheel is standing still. However, if it be required, provision may be made that an adjustment of the blades can be carried out during the running of the rotor wheel.

I claim:

1. In a rotorA wheel for water turbines a/dlptcd to be flown through by the driving me ium in two directions that are opposite to each other1 a boss provided with conical bores, radially disposed blades provided with conical seats fitting into said conical bores of the boss7 means adapted to simultaneously turn all the conical seats and thereby the blades into a desired angular position relatively to the axis of the rotor wheel, and means adapted to displace said conical seats towards vthe axis of the rotor wheel for pressing the seats against the conical bores in order to fix the blades to the boss or away from the axis of the rotor wheel in order to loosen said fixation previous to turning the blades into a desired position.

2. In a rotor lwheel for water turbines adapted to be flown through by the driving medium in two directions that are opposite to each other, a boss provided with conical bores, radially disposed blades provided with conical seats fitting into said conical bores of the boss, Oudgeons acting as journals for said conica seats, means adapted to simultaneously turn all the udgeons and thereby the conical seats with t e-blades carried b them into a desired angular position re atively to the axis of the rotor wheel and means adapted to displace said conica seats relatively to said d eons towards the axis of the rotor w ee for pressing the seats against the conical bores in order to fix the blades to the boss or away from the axis of the rotor wheel in order to loosen said fixation previous to turning the blades into a desired position.

3. In a rotor wheel for water turbines adapted to be flown through by the driving medium in two directions that are opposite to each other, a boss provided with conical bores, radially dist-posed blades (provided with conical seats tting into sai conical bores of the boss, udgeons acting as journals for said conica seats and bein screwed into the latter, pinions on said conical seats, a ear wheel cooperatingI with said inion, a hollow shaft to which said gear w eel is fixed, means adapted to rotate said hollow shaft and to canse thereby a simultaneous turning of all the blades into any .desired angular position relatively to the axis of the rotor wheel, a pinion on each gudgeon, a gear wheel vco-operatin with all of said pinions, a shaft arran e inside said hollow shaft and on whic said gear wheel is xed, means to rotate said shaft and to cause thereby a rotation of all the gudgeons the conical bores in order to loosen said fixaand a relative displacement between said tion previous to turning the blades into a conical seats and the conical bores in the desired position when the shaft is turned in 10 boss whereby the seats are pressed against the opposite direction.

B the conical bores in order to fix The blades In testimony whereof l aiiix my signato the boss when the shaft is turned in one ture. direction or' the seats are moved away from ALBERT HUGUENIN. 

